NON-PROJECTED MEDIA

By

Asarika Fajarini

INTRODUCTION

Result of study is influenced by many aspects. One of them is the using of media that is to transfer the knowledge. As teachers, we have to familiar and comprehend about learning media which suitable with our children’s background. Various kinds of media can be used in the learning process. Not all media have to plug into the electrical outlet. In this paper, the writer will present about non-projected media.

Heinich (1996) said that non-projected media can make instruction more realistic and engaging. Many of the media and materials are so common that instructors are inclined to underestimate their instructional value. Materials don’t have to be exotic or expensive to be useful. In some situations, for examples isolated, rural areas; place that lack electricity, program or school with low budget. These simpler materials may be come media that make sense to use.

The paper will explain some of non-projected media. Furthermore, this is also wanted to add paper by several information’s about kinds of media. We will discuss about

1.      Real Objects

2.      Models

3.      Multimedia Kits

4.      Printed Materials

5.      Free And Inexpensive Materials

6.      Fields Trips

7.      The Device To Display Visual

DISCUSSION

A.    Real Objects

Real objects can be designed as a means of presenting information, raising questions and providing hands-on learning experiences. Play a valuable role in the evaluation phase of instruction. It is appropriate for learners who are encountering a subject about which they have had little direct experience in their daily lives. The examples of real objects:

1.      Cutaway

Devices such as machines with one side cut away to allow close observation of the inner working

2.      Specimens

It is actual plants, animals, or parts of thereof preserved for convenient inspection.

3.      Exhibits

Collections of artifact, often of a scientific or historical nature, brought together with printed information to illustrate a point.

B.     Models

It is three-dimensional representations of a real thing. It can be larger, smaller, or the same size as the object it represents. It can be completed or simplified in detail for instructional purposes. Models can provide learning experiences that real things cannot provide. (E.g. important details can be accented with color.) An example of the model is a mock-up.

C.     Multimedia Kits

It is a collection of teaching/learning materials involving more than one type of medium and organized around a single topic. This media is well-suited to content for which discovery learning. The examples: Filmstrips, slides, audiotapes, videotapes, overhead transparencies, maps, worksheets, charts, booklets, real objects, models. The main purpose of it is to give learners a chance at firsthand learning-to touch, to observe, to experiment, to wonder, to decide.

Advantages	Limitations
¡  Interest      Multisensory: touch and manipulate real object. ¡  Cooperation             Can be an ideal mechanism for stimulating small-group project work. ¡  Logistics             can be transported and used outside the classroom.	¡  Expense             Can be more expensive, more conventional method. ¡  Time-consuming             When produce and maintain the materials. ¡  Replacement             Lost component can make the kit frustrating to use.

D.    Printed Materials

Printed materials include textbooks, fiction, booklets, pamphlets, study guides, manuals and worksheets, as well as word-processed documents prepared by students and teachers.

Advantages	Limitations
¡  Availability ¡  Flexibility ¡  Portability ¡  User friendly ¡  Economical	¡  Reading level ¡  Prior knowledge ¡  Memorization ¡  Vocabulary ¡  One-way presentation ¡  Curriculum determination ¡  Cursory appraisal

E.     Free And Inexpensive Materials

It is any material that you can borrow or acquire permanently for instructional purposes without a significant cost; usually less than a couple of dollars can be referred to as free or inexpensive. Examples:  posters, games, pamphlets, multimedia kits, real objects, internet.

Advantages	Limitations
¡  Up-to-date ¡  In-depth treatment ¡  Variety of uses ¡  Students manipulation	¡  Bias or advertising ¡  Special interests ¡  Limited quantities

F.      Fields Trips

It is an excursion outside the classroom to study real processes, people and objects often grow out of students’ need for first hand experiences. It makes it possible for students to encounter phenomena that cannot be brought into the classroom for observation and study.

G.     The Device To Display Visual

This device can translate ideas into a more realistic format. Such as: Still pictures, drawing, charts, graphs, posters, cartoons.

1.      Still pictures

Still picture are photographic (or photograph like) representations of people, places or things.

2.      Drawing

In general it is more finished and representational than sketches. It’s readily found in textbooks and other classroom materials.

3.      Charts

Charts are usually representations of abstract relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.

4.      Graphs

Graph provides visual representation of numerical data.                   

5.      Posters

Posters incorporate visual combinations of images, lines, colors and words. They are intended to catch and hold the viewers attention at least long enough to communicate a brief message usually persuasive one.

6.      Cartoons

Cartoons are perhaps the most popular and familiar visual format. It is easily and quickly read and appeals to children and adult a like. The best of them contain wisdom as well as wit. Be sure the cartoon use for instructional purpose is within the experimental and intellectual range of the students.

H.    Preserving Non projected Visuals

¡  Mounting

Mount non projected visuals on construction paper, cardboard for durability. The color of the mounting material should not draw attention away from the visual. It’s generally a good idea to use pastel or neutral tones rather than brilliant or primary color.

¡  Laminating

Laminating protects visuals from wear and tear by covering them with a clear plastics or plastic-like surface. It helps to protect visuals against tars, stretches, and sticky fingers. Soiled surface can be wiped clean with a damp cloth.

¡  Filling and storing

The nature of the filling system that use will depend on the number of non- projected visuals in. The simplest filing system usually involves grouping the items according to the teaching units which is used.  

I.       Display surfaces

¡  Chalkboards

The most common display surface in the classroom is of course, one called blackboard. It can be used for verbal communication and draw visuals.

¡  Multipurpose boards

It is also called whiteboards or marker boards. It can be used for more than one purpose. It can be a projection of films, slides and OHP.

¡  Copy boards

A high-tech variation of the multipurpose board is the copy board or electronic whiteboard. it is high cost and is not commonly found in school setting.

¡  Pegboards

It is particularly useful displaying heavy objects, three-dimensional materials and visuals. It is made of tempered Masonite with ½ inch holes drilled 1 inch apart.

¡  Bulletin boards

It is a brief news announcement of urgent interest that is posted for public. Instructor prepared for bulletin boards:

1)      Emphatic

2)      Attractive

3)      Balanced

4)      Unified

5)      Interactive

6)      Legible

7)      Lettered properly

8)      Relatives

9)      Durable

10)  Neat

¡  Cloth boards

It is constructed of cloth stretched over a sturdy backing material such as plywood, Masonite or heavy cardboard.

¡  Magnetic boards

Visuals are backed with magnets and then placed on the metal surface of the boards.

¡  Flip charts

A pad of a large paper fastened together at the top and mounted to an easel.

¡  Exhibits

It is static displays consisting of a three –dimensional foreground and a flat background to create a realistic scene.

¡  Displays

It is an array of objects, visual and printed materials (labels and descriptions).

¡  Dioramas

It is static displays consisting of a three –dimensional foreground and a flat background to create a realistic scene.

CONCLUSION

Media is a means that can help teachers transfer their knowledge to their students. There are many kinds of media which can choose to use. But, when using media it must be depended on some criteria, such as audiences (learners), materials, school equipments, time allocated. Therefore, we as teachers have to know exactly what our students needs. So, we can make them better and being success.